Engineering Atlasby Abhishek Goyal

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Databases series

4 diagram-led guides on Databases series by Abhishek Goyal.

  1. GuideNewMembers

    Databases for System Design Interviews

    How to choose, model and scale the database in a high-level design interview: database families, storage engines, indexes, ACID, isolation levels, consistency, replication, sharding, caching, sagas and outbox, CDC, OLAP, disaster recovery and a decision framework, with diagrams for every core idea.

    ~85 min read · Beginner → Senior · 23 diagrams

  2. Deep diveNew

    Database Indexes in Practice: Clustered vs Secondary, Composite, Covering, and Why Your Index Is Ignored

    How real database indexes work in MySQL InnoDB and PostgreSQL: clustered vs heap storage, UUID vs time-ordered primary keys, composite index column order, covering indexes and index-only scans, why the planner ignores an index, and what every index costs on writes, with an interview talk track.

    ~25 min read · Beginner → Senior · 7 diagrams

  3. Deep diveNewMembers

    Transaction Isolation Levels Explained: Dirty Reads, Lost Updates, Write Skew and What Postgres and MySQL Really Do

    Every transaction anomaly (dirty read, non-repeatable read, phantom, lost update, write skew) as a two-session timeline, what Read Committed, Repeatable Read and Serializable really mean in PostgreSQL and MySQL InnoDB, and how to fix double booking and overselling with atomic updates, locks, version columns, constraints and retries.

    ~27 min read · Beginner → Senior · 7 diagrams

  4. Deep diveNewMembers

    Sharding a Relational Database: Shard Keys, Routing, IDs, Hot Shards and Resharding

    How to shard PostgreSQL or MySQL without regret: when to shard at all, choosing a shard key, range vs hash vs directory sharding, logical shards, query routing with Vitess and proxies, globally unique IDs, cross-shard queries and 2PC, hot tenants and zero-downtime resharding, with real numbers from Notion, Figma, Instagram, Shopify, Slack and Pinterest.

    ~26 min read · Beginner → Senior · 7 diagrams

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